Jumano Facts - Softschools.com Question: What did the jumano tribe eat?

Near the Junta de los Rios region with its large settled Indian population, the Jumanos were a tribe who inhabited a large area of western Texas, New Mexico, and northern Mexico.Spanish explorers first recorded encounters with the Jumano in 1581, and later expeditions noted them in a broad area of the Southwest and the Great Plains.Their population had declined by the early 18th century, despite the last historic reference being in a 19th-century oral history.[2]

The scholars have argued that the Jumanos disappeared as a distinct people due to infectious disease, the slave trade, and warfare.

There are variations of the name in Spanish documents.[3]

The French mentioned the Jumano Indians in eastern Texas in records from the 16th to the 18th centuries.They were noted as traders and political leaders in the Southwest during the last decades of the 17th century.Contemporary scholars don't know whether the Jumano were a single group of people or if the Spanish used the term to refer to several different groups, as the references spanned peoples across a large geographic area.

Uto-Aztecan, Tanoan, and Athabascan have been suggested as languages that the historic Jumano may have spoken.The historic record shows that the Jumano were pottery-using farmers who lived at La Junta de los Rios, as well as buffalo-hunting Plains Indians who frequently visited the area to trade.

Gary Anderson suggests in his book The Indian Southwest: 1580-1830: Ethnogenesis and Reinvention that the Jumano were a group of different ethnic groups.They were formed from refugees fleeing the effects of disease, Spanish missions, and Spanish slaving raids south of the Rio Grande.[5]

The Jumano may have been encountered in 1535 near La Junta, at the junction of the Conchos River and Rio Grande.The people of the cows may have been the Indians of La Junta.They were people with the best bodies that we saw.He said that they used hot stones to cook their food, rather than using pottery.The nomads of the Great Plains use this method of cooking because pottery was too heavy to be carried and used extensively.He may have been describing the seminomadic Jumano.[6]

The term Jumano was first used by the Spanish explorer Antonio de Espejo.The Jumano were one of the many tribes that were attracted to this area.The Spanish used a number of names for Indian groups near La Junta.A member of Espejo's expedition identified as Jumano the buffalo-hunting people they encountered on the Pecos River.[8]

The hunters were known to have close relations with the Indians at La Junta, but it's not known if they were full-time bison-hunting nomads or lived part of each year in the area.According to Charles Kelley, the people living at La Junta were sedentary and the bison hunters were Jumano.The nomadic Jumano had close relations with the people at La Junta, but were distinct from them.The Jumano traveled widely to trade meat and skins with the Patarabueye and other Indians in exchange for agricultural products.10

The people associated with the villages of the salinas are referred to as Humanas or Ximenas by the Spanish.The largest of several Jumano towns was called Gran Quivira.The buffalo-hunting Indians of the Great Plains were able to trade with this location.The region salinas was named after the salt deposits mined by the Jumano.Salt was traded for produce.The people living in the Tompiro pueblos speak a Tanoan language.The ancestors of the Kiowa, who are also Tanoan-language speakers, are thought to be the Jumano associated with the Pueblo villages.The Tompiro towns were abandoned by 1672 due to epidemics of European diseases, Apache raids, and burdensome Spanish levies of food and labor.It was [13].

There may have been more than one group of people in Texas.In 1541, Francisco Vsquez de Coronado encountered a group of people he called Teyas.The Teyas have been identified by scholars as Apache, Wichita, or Jumano.Riley thinks that they were related to the villagers of Gran Quivira and the salines.The people who became known as the Wichita were often referred to as Jumano.There are no comments at this time.

The nomadic bison-hunting people of the Pecos and Concho River valleys of Texas were known as the Jumanos.The Spanish referred to a variety of Indians of different cultures and locations as Jumano since they were often found far from their homeland.[15]