PDF 5 Organization Patterns for Persuasive Speeches - Stand up, Speak out.
General guidelines for organizing speeches were discussed in the previous text.Monroe's motivated sequence, problem-cause-solution, and comparative advantages are three organizational patterns that are ideal for persuasive speeches.
Alan H. Monroe's motivated sequence is one of the most popular organizational patterns for persuasive speeches.The purpose of Monroe's motivated sequence is to help speakers sequence supporting materials and motivational appeals to form a useful organizational pattern for speeches as a whole.
Monroe's motivated sequence is often discussed in public speaking textbooks, but we want to make sure you are aware of one minor caution.Monroe's motivated sequence has not been shown to be more persuasive than other structural patterns.The researchers did not find the method more persuasive, but they did note that audience members found the pattern more organized than other methods.The research doesn't support the idea that Monroe's motivated sequence is a kind of magic persuasive bullet.Monroe's motivated sequence can be used to think through a persuasive argument, as research shows that organized messages are perceived as more persuasive as a whole.
The basic steps of Monroe's motivated sequence are listed in Table 17.1, along with the reaction a speaker desires from his or her audience.
The attention step is the first step in Monroe's motivated sequence.You should think through three parts of the attention step to get an audience's attention.A strong attention-getting device is the first thing you need.A strong attention getter at the beginning of your speech is very important.You need to make sure your topic is clear.Your audience is more likely to stop listening if they don't know what your topic is.You need to explain to your audience why they care about your topic.
In the need step of Monroe's motivated sequence, the speaker establishes that there is a problem.Monroe talks about four parts of the need in his conceptualization of need.A speaker needs to give a concise statement about the problem.This part of a speech should be clear to the audience.The speaker needs to give at least one example to show the need.The goal is to make the problem concrete for the audience.A speaker needs to give some kind of evidence that shows the consequences of the problem.A speaker needs to point out to the audience how the problem relates to them personally.
The speaker sets out to satisfy the need or solve the problem in the third step of Monroe's motivated sequence.Monroe proposed a five-step plan for satisfying a need.
You need to state the attitude, value, belief, or action that you want your audience to accept.The purpose of this statement is to let your audience know what your ultimate goal is.
It's important that you explain to your audience why they should accept the attitude, value, belief, or action you proposed.It isn't strong enough to get your audience to change if you just tell them to do something.You need to give a solid argument for why they should accept your solution.
You need to show how the solution works.Monroe says there is a link between your solution and the need for a theoretical demonstration.You theorize based on research and good judgement that your solution will solve the problem.
You need to reference practical experience in order to help with this theoretical demonstration.Research, statistics, and expert testimony are some of the best ways to reference practical experience.
Monroe says a speaker should respond to possible objections.One of the responsibilities of a persuasive speaker is to think through their speech and see what counterarguments could be made against it.When you offer rebuttals for arguments against your speech, you are showing your audience that you have done your homework and are aware of multiple sides of the issue.
The visualization step is where you ask the audience to visualize a future where the need has been met or the problem solved.The visualization stage is where a speaker can show the audience why they should accept a specific attitude, value, belief, or behavior.The more concrete your visualization is, the easier it will be for your audience to see the possible future and be persuaded by it.You need to show how accepting your solution will benefit your audience.
Monroe said that visualization can be done in three ways: positive, negative, or contrast.The positive method of visualization shows how adopting a proposal will lead to a cleaner and safer planet.The negative method of visualization shows how not adopting the proposal will lead to a worse future.Monroe acknowledged that visualization can include both positive and negative images.You show your audience two possible outcomes and have them decide which one they want.
The final step in Monroe's motivated sequence is the action step, in which a speaker asks an audience to approve their proposal.Audience action and approval are two separate parts of action.flossing their teeth twice a day, signing a petition and wearing seat belts are direct physical behaviors a speaker wants from their audience.An audience consent or agreement with a speaker's proposed attitude, value, or belief is known as approval.
When preparing an action step, it is important to make sure that the action is realistic for your audience.Asking your peers to donate a thousand dollars to charity is not realistic.Asking your peers to donate a dollar is more realistic.The action step in a persuasive speech is based on Monroe's motivated sequence.In order for the speech to end on a high point, you need to conclude in a vivid way so that the audience has a sense of closure.
Monroe's motivated sequence can be used to outline a persuasive speech.
To convince my classroom peers that the United States should have stronger laws governing the use of for-profit medical experiments.
This example shows how you can use Monroe's motivated sequence to outline your speech efficiently and effectively.
To make sure you hit all the important components of Monroe's motivated sequence, Table 17.2 contains a simple checklist.
The problem-cause-solution format is used for organizing a persuasive speech.In this format, you discuss what a problem is, what you believe is causing the problem, and what the solution should be to correct it.
To convince my classroom peers that our campus should have a zero-tolerance policy for hate speech.
In this speech, you want people to support a zero-tolerance policy for hate speech.You explain to your audience that the cause of the unnecessary confrontations and violence is prior incidents of hate speech once you have shown the problem.You argue that a zero-tolerance policy could help prevent future confrontations and violence.The method of organizing a speech is called problem-cause-solution.
The comparative advantages speech format is the final method for organizing a persuasive speech.The goal of this speech is to show why one item is better than the other.Let's say you're giving a speech about which e-book reader is better: Barnes and Nobles' Nook or Amazon.coms Kindle.You could organize this speech.
The goal of this speech is to show why one thing has more positives than others.You cannot compare apples to oranges when you are demonstrating comparative advantages.
German, Gronbeck, Ehninger, and Monroe are related.The 17th edition of the principles of public speaking.Allyn & bacon is in Boston, MA.
Micciche, Pryor, B., and Butler are related.The year 2000.Monroe's motivated sequence was tested for its effects on ratings of message organization and attitude change.There are 86 psychological reports.